华西毛茛属五新种

最近笔者鉴定了一批毛茛属植物标本，从采自我国西部的标本中发现了以下五新种，这五种均隶属毛茛属的最大亚属，毛茛亚属Subgen. Ranunculus的最大组，美丽毛茛组Sect. Ranunculus[3][Sect. Auricomus(Spach) Schur][1]。

大邑毛茛 图1：A～F

Ranunculus dayiensis W. T. Wang, sp. nov. Fig.1：A-F

(Sect. Ranunculus ser. Songorici Ovcz.)

Species nova haec est affinis Royle, qui foliis majoribus usque ad 5 cm latis utrinque depresse puberulis, eis caulinis breviter petiolatis vel sessilibus omnibus simplicibus 3-partitis vel 3-sectis, floribus 2-3 in monochasium dispositis differt.

Small perennial herbs. Fibrous roots 4-8 cm long. Stems 4-10 cm tall, sparsely puberulous, shortly branched. Basal leaves several, long petiolate; blades papery, pentagonal, 3-8×6-14 mm, at base cordate, 3-parted nearly to base or 3-sect, central segment broadly rhombic or rhombic-obovate, at apex 3-dentate, or 3-lobed to 3-fid, lateral segments larger, obliquely flabellate, unequally 2-lobed to 2-parted; surfaces adaxially appressed-puberulous, abaxially glabrous; petioles slender, 15-30 mm long, glabrous. Lowermost cauline leaf similar to basal leaves, long petiolate, simple, 3-sect, or ternate, with petiolulate leaflets; upper cauline leaves smaller, shortly petiolate or subsessile, 3-sect, uppermost cauline leaf with linear segments. Flowers singly terminal. Receptacle sparsely puberulous. Sepals 5, greenish, on margin purple, narrowly ovate, 4×2.5-3 mm, adaxially glabrous, abaxially pubescent. Petals 5, yellow, obovate, rarely narrowly ovate, 5-7×3-5 mm, glabrous, apex rounded, nectary pits minute, claws ca. 0.5 mm long. Stamens 20-25, glabrous; filaments narrowly linear, 1-2 mm long; anthers narrowly oblong, 1-1.2 mm long. Carpels 20-50; ovaries ovoid, 0.8-1.3 mm long, sparsely puberulous; styles 0.5-1.2 mm long, glabrous.

图1 A～F.大邑毛茛：A.植株全形；B.萼片(背面观)；C.花瓣；D.雄蕊；E.雌蕊群；F.瘦果 G～L.铜仁毛茛：G.具匍匐茎的植株；H.开花植株；I.萼片；J.花瓣；K.雄蕊群和雌蕊群；L.心皮Fig.1 ：A.Hbit; B.Sepal(dorsal view); C.Petal; D.Stamen; ; F.Achene ：G.A plant with stolons; H.A flowering plant; I.Sepal; J.Petal; and gynoecium; L.Carpel(from holotype)

四川(Sichuan)：大邑县，黑水河自然保护区(Dayi Xian,Heishuihe Nature Reserve),2007-06-06，朱大海、冯正波、张超、王飞(D.H.Zhu,Z.B.Feng,C.Zhang & F.Wang)(holotype,PE);同地(same locality)，红石堡(Hongshibao),alt.2 550 m,林下(under forest)，草本，花黄色(herb,),2007-06-06，朱大海、冯正波、张超、王飞(PE)。

本种与基隆毛茛(Ranunculus hirtellus Royle)在亲缘关系上相近，与后者的区别在于本种的基生叶较小，宽6～14 mm，只在上面被短柔毛，下面无毛，最下部茎生叶具长柄，常为三出复叶，花单生茎顶端。在基隆毛茛，基生叶较大，宽达5 cm，两面被短柔毛，茎生叶具短柄或近无柄，均为单叶，3深裂或3全裂，花2～3朵组成单歧聚伞花序[4]。

铜仁毛茛 图1：G～L

Ranunculus tongrenensis W. T. Wang, sp. nov. Fig.1: G-L

(Sect. Ranunculus ser. Songorici Ovcz.)

Species nova haec est affinis Ulbr., qui caulibus puberulis, stolonibus nullis, foliorum caulinorum segmentis rhombicis 3-dentatis vel 3-lobatis, flore staminibus numberosis praedito recedit.

Small perennial herbs. Stems 1-2, 3.5-6.5 cm tall, strigillose, simple, 2-foliate. Basal leaves several, long petiolate; blades papery, pentagonal, 4-9×6-17 mm, at base cordate, 3-sect, rarely 3-parted, central segment rhombic-obovate or rhombic, 3-lobed or 3-fid, lateral segments larger, obliquely flabellate, unequally 2-lobed to 2-parted; surfaces adaxially and abaxially sparsely puberulous or subglabrous; petioles slender, 12-65 mm long, glabrous. Cauline leaves smaller, shortly petiolate or sessile, 3-sect, with linear, entire segments. Stolons sometimes present, slender, ca. 20 cm long, 0.8 mm across, sparsely appressed-puberulous, simple, 2-3-foliate; leaves ternate, lower one long petiolate, upper ones shortly petiolate or subsessile, leaflets 1-2 times dissected, with narrowly laneolate or linear lobes. Flowers singly ternminal. Receptacle glabrous. Sepals 5, navicular-elliptic, ca. 2.2×1 mm, adaxially glabrous, abaxially puberulous. Petals 5, yellow, broadly obovate, ca. 5×4.5 mm, glabrous, nectary pits minute; claws inconspicuous. Stamens ca. 6, glabrous; filaments narrowly linear, 0.5-1 mm long; anthers narrowly oblong, 0.8-1 mm long. Carpels ca. 40, glabrous; ovaries ovoid, 0.6-1 mm long; styles ca. 0.6 mm long.

青海(Qinghai)：铜仁县(Tongren Xian), alt. 4 000 m, high summit, often under forest, herb, fls. yellow, 1936-09-15,王作宾(T.P.Wang)3204(holotype,PE).

本种与太白山毛茛(Ranunculus petrogeiton Ulbr.)在亲缘关系上接近，与后者的区别在于本种的茎被短糙伏毛，常具匍匐茎，茎生叶的全裂片条形，全缘，花具6枚雄蕊。在太白山毛茛，茎疏被短柔毛，无匍匐茎，茎生叶的全裂片菱形，具3齿或3浅裂，花具多数雄蕊[4]。

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